Floating-Rate Note (FRN)

A bond with variable coupon that resets periodically based on a reference rate plus a fixed spread.

Fixed Income & Bonds

Definition

FRNs have coupons that adjust with market interest rates, typically resetting quarterly based on SOFR or another benchmark rate plus a fixed spread. Because the coupon adjusts, FRN prices remain near par value, providing natural protection against rising interest rates. The spread reflects the issuer's credit risk.

functions Formula

Coupon = Reference Rate + Fixed Spread

lightbulb Example

An FRN pays SOFR + 150 basis points, resetting quarterly. If SOFR is 4.0%, the coupon is 5.5%. Next quarter SOFR rises to 4.5%, coupon resets to 6.0%.

verified_user Key Points

  • Coupon adjusts with market rates
  • Near-zero interest rate duration
  • Spread reflects issuer's credit quality
  • Natural hedge against rising rates

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